The main types of industrial raw materials

To obtain it, materials are collected / extracted, which are subsequently subjected to relatively minor processing (in order to obtain the required product characteristics) and used in different production cycles (including the stage of obtaining the final product). The quality of the created product (ready for sale or semi-finished product) directly depends on the characteristics of such a basis. There are many different types of raw materials. Which of them are recognized as the main ones?

Industrial raw materials: the main types and their features

There are three main groups of industrial raw materials:

1. artificial (synthetic);
2. mineral (natural, man-made);
3. agricultural (natural — plant and animal).

Artificial raw materials are represented by the following types: gas, oil and coal refining products, metal alloys and some pure metals (for example, synthetic fuel, synthetic plastics and resins, synthetic rubber). It is in very high demand. The basis for obtaining such a material is natural substances, and special fillers and physico-chemical reactions are also used.

Mineral raw materials include the following types: technical (graphite, diamonds), fuel and energy (coal, gas, oil), mining and chemical (ores, potassium salts, sulfur, phosphorite), metallurgical (iron, titanium, copper, tin, lead), construction (sand, stone), etc. Such materials account for about 75% of the total raw material base for production. With their help, it is possible to increase the efficiency of the production process, reduce spending on the maintenance of raw materials, increase the range of goods and prevent environmental pollution by waste generated during production. Natural mineral materials are subjected to thermal and other processing, are used in the production of mineral paints, fertilizers, glass and ceramic products. Technogenic mineral materials are wastes that are formed during the production and processing of natural mineral materials.

The group of agricultural raw materials includes resources of animal and vegetable origin: cereals, dairy products, animal excrement, herbs, etc. By processing them, it is possible to obtain various medicines, chemicals for agricultural and other fields of activity, hygiene products, cosmetic products. Agricultural resources are renewable, and some of them are seasonal. When processing them, the goal is to preserve and improve the original characteristics.

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